"lanang" meaning in All languages combined

See lanang on Wiktionary

Noun [Balinese]

Forms: ᬮᬦᬂ [Balinese, character]
Etymology: Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”). Etymology templates: {{lbor|ban|kaw|lanaṅ|t=male}} Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”) Head templates: {{head|ban|noun|Balinese script|ᬮᬦᬂ}} lanang (Balinese script ᬮᬦᬂ)
  1. male Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lanang-ban-noun-DSSOgsYs Categories (other): Balinese entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Betawi]

Etymology: From Javanese lanang, from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”). Etymology templates: {{bor|bew|jv|lanang}} Javanese lanang, {{der|bew|kaw|lanaṅ|t=male}} Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”) Head templates: {{head|bew|noun}} lanang
  1. (Ora) male Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-lanang-bew-noun-DSSOgsYs Categories (other): Betawi entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries

Noun [Indonesian]

IPA: /ˈlanaŋ/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈla.naŋ] [Standard-Indonesian] Forms: lanang-lanang [plural]
Rhymes: -anaŋ Etymology: From Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”). Etymology templates: {{bor|id|jv|ꦭꦤꦁ|tr=lanang}} Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), {{der|id|kaw|lanaṅ|t=male}} Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”) Head templates: {{id-noun}} lanang (plural lanang-lanang)
  1. (Java, colloquial) male, boy, man Tags: colloquial
    Sense id: en-lanang-id-noun-0~fSexo8 Categories (other): Javanese Indonesian
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb [Indonesian]

IPA: /ˈlanaŋ/ [Standard-Indonesian], [ˈla.naŋ] [Standard-Indonesian]
Rhymes: -anaŋ Etymology: From Malay lanang. Etymology templates: {{inh|id|ms|lanang}} Malay lanang Head templates: {{id-verb}} lanang
  1. to spin a rope using a weight tied at the end of it Derived forms: melanang
    Sense id: en-lanang-id-verb-fdEIXZCq Categories (other): Indonesian entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 5 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Indonesian entries with incorrect language header: 13 87 Disambiguation of Pages with 5 entries: 17 83 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 9 91
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Romanization [Javanese]

Head templates: {{head|jv|romanization|head=|sc=Latn}} lanang, {{jv-rom}} lanang
  1. romanization of ꦭꦤꦁ Tags: alt-of, romanization Alternative form of: ꦭꦤꦁ

Noun [Musi]

IPA: /laːnaːŋ/
Etymology: Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”). Etymology templates: {{bor+|mui|jv|ꦭꦤꦁ|tr=lanang}} Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), {{der|mui|kaw|lanaṅ|t=male}} Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”) Head templates: {{head|mui|noun}} lanang
  1. male Tags: masculine
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ban",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ᬮᬦᬂ",
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ban",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "Balinese script",
        "4": "ᬮᬦᬂ"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang (Balinese script ᬮᬦᬂ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Balinese",
  "lang_code": "ban",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-ban-noun-DSSOgsYs",
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Javanese lanang",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Javanese lanang, from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Betawi",
  "lang_code": "bew",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Betawi entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-bew-noun-DSSOgsYs",
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Ora",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Ora) male"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay lanang",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay lanang.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "id-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "la‧nang"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la‧nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "17 83",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "9 91",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "melanang"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to spin a rope using a weight tied at the end of it"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-id-verb-fdEIXZCq",
      "links": [
        [
          "spin",
          "spin"
        ],
        [
          "rope",
          "rope"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlanaŋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈla.naŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-anaŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "ꦭꦤꦁ",
        "tr": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lanang-lanang",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang (plural lanang-lanang)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "la‧nang"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la‧nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Javanese Indonesian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male, boy, man"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-id-noun-0~fSexo8",
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "boy",
          "boy"
        ],
        [
          "man",
          "man"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Java",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Java, colloquial) male, boy, man"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlanaŋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈla.naŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-anaŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jv",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "jv-rom"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Javanese",
  "lang_code": "jv",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "ꦭꦤꦁ"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Javanese romanizations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "romanization of ꦭꦤꦁ"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-jv-romanization-8Yl44J~J",
      "links": [
        [
          "ꦭꦤꦁ",
          "ꦭꦤꦁ#Javanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "ꦭꦤꦁ",
        "tr": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la",
        "nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Musi",
  "lang_code": "mui",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Javanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Musi entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 5 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "id": "en-lanang-mui-noun-DSSOgsYs",
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/laːnaːŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ban",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "lbor"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ᬮᬦᬂ",
      "tags": [
        "Balinese",
        "character"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ban",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "Balinese script",
        "4": "ᬮᬦᬂ"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang (Balinese script ᬮᬦᬂ)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Balinese",
  "lang_code": "ban",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Balinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Balinese learned borrowings from Old Javanese",
        "Balinese lemmas",
        "Balinese nouns",
        "Balinese terms borrowed from Old Javanese",
        "Balinese terms derived from Old Javanese",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Javanese lanang",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Javanese lanang, from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bew",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Betawi",
  "lang_code": "bew",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Betawi entries with incorrect language header",
        "Betawi lemmas",
        "Betawi nouns",
        "Betawi terms borrowed from Javanese",
        "Betawi terms derived from Javanese",
        "Betawi terms derived from Old Javanese",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Ora",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Ora) male"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 2-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Old Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Indonesian verbs",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/anaŋ",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/anaŋ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "melanang"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "ms",
        "3": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Malay lanang",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Malay lanang.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "id-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "la‧nang"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la‧nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to spin a rope using a weight tied at the end of it"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spin",
          "spin"
        ],
        [
          "rope",
          "rope"
        ],
        [
          "weight",
          "weight"
        ],
        [
          "tie",
          "tie"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlanaŋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈla.naŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-anaŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Indonesian 2-syllable words",
    "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Indonesian lemmas",
    "Indonesian nouns",
    "Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms derived from Old Javanese",
    "Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 5 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/anaŋ",
    "Rhymes:Indonesian/anaŋ/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "ꦭꦤꦁ",
        "tr": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang)",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "id",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "lanang-lanang",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang (plural lanang-lanang)",
      "name": "id-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "la‧nang"
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la‧nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Indonesian",
  "lang_code": "id",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Indonesian colloquialisms",
        "Javanese Indonesian"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male, boy, man"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ],
        [
          "boy",
          "boy"
        ],
        [
          "man",
          "man"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "Java",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Java, colloquial) male, boy, man"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlanaŋ/",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈla.naŋ]",
      "tags": [
        "Standard-Indonesian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-anaŋ"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "jv",
        "2": "romanization",
        "head": "",
        "sc": "Latn"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "jv-rom"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Javanese",
  "lang_code": "jv",
  "pos": "romanization",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "word": "ꦭꦤꦁ"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Javanese non-lemma forms",
        "Javanese romanizations",
        "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "romanization of ꦭꦤꦁ"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ꦭꦤꦁ",
          "ꦭꦤꦁ#Javanese"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "jv",
        "3": "ꦭꦤꦁ",
        "tr": "lanang"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang)",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "kaw",
        "3": "lanaṅ",
        "t": "male"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦭꦤꦁ (lanang), from Old Javanese lanaṅ (“male”).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mui",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "lanang",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenations": [
    {
      "parts": [
        "la",
        "nang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Musi",
  "lang_code": "mui",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Javanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "Musi entries with incorrect language header",
        "Musi lemmas",
        "Musi nouns",
        "Musi terms borrowed from Javanese",
        "Musi terms derived from Javanese",
        "Musi terms derived from Old Javanese",
        "Pages with 5 entries",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "male"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "male",
          "male"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/laːnaːŋ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lanang"
}

Download raw JSONL data for lanang meaning in All languages combined (6.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.